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FBIAUG01.TXT
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1990-08-20
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August 1990
ACCREDITATION:
A SMALL DEPARTMENT'S EXPERIENCE
By
Raymond E. Arthurs
Chief, Willowbrook, Illinois, Police Department
Over a decade ago, four major law enforcement associations
joined together to form the Commission on Accreditation for Law
Enforcement Agencies (CALEA). (1) The primary purpose of the
commission was to establish and administer an accreditation
process for law enforcement agencies. Accreditation was one way
to professionalize the police and to improve the delivery of law
enforcement services to the communities they served.
To this end, CALEA researched, tested, and approved
standards for law enforcement administration and operations.
These standards were then made available to agencies through an
accreditation program. Today, they still serve as the basis for
law enforcement agencies to demonstrate voluntarily that they
meet professional criteria.
This article provides a brief overview of the standards
approved by CALEA and the accreditation process. It then covers
the process and methods used by the Palos Heights, Illinois,
Police Department to achieve accredited status.
ACCREDITATION STANDARDS
CALEA adopted some 900 standards, which are organized into
48 chapters. The standards address six major law enforcement
topics. (2) Designed to reflect the best professional practices
in each of the six areas, the standards concentrate on the
``what to do'' and leave the ``how to do'' up to the individual
agencies.
Each standard is composed of three parts--the statement, the
commentary, and the level of compliance. Agencies must comply
only with standards applicable to the individual agency, based
on size and the functions it performs. For example, the
commission designated a number of standards that are not
applicable to smaller agencies. This is because small
departments cannot be expected to employ specialists and perform
certain functions that larger departments should and would be
expected to do.
Also, standards fall into two categories--mandatory and
nonmandatory. All agencies applying for accreditation must
comply with each mandatory standard, if it is applicable to the
agency. However, with nonmandatory standards, agencies must
meet only 80 percent of them, and only if they are applicable to
the particular agency. The commission staff usually determines
nonmandatory standards for each agency after reviewing its
application and documentation.
ACCREDITATION PROCESS
The accreditation process consists of five
phases--application, application profile questionnaire,
self-assessment, on-site assessment, and final review by the
commission. The process is designed to bring law enforcement
agencies into compliance with the established standards. CALEA
then awards accredited status to those agencies that meet or
exceed all requirements of the standards.
THE PALOS HEIGHTS EXPERIENCE
The Palos Heights Police Department initially applied for
accreditation and was accepted by CALEA in 1984. However, when
a number of staffing problems developed, the department put the
accreditation process on hold. Two years later, in March 1986,
the chief decided to seek accreditation again.
Application and Application Profile Questionnaire
To begin, the department requested information on
accreditation and an application package from CALEA. Once the
department completed and returned the questionnaire, the
commission sent the agency the Application Profile
Questionnaire. The department filled out the questionnaire and
provided all additional information requested by the commission.
After reviewing the completed questionnaire, the commission
confirmed the agency's eligibility and forwarded the
self-assessment package.
Self-Assessment
Before beginning the self-assessment stage, the department
developed a set of procedural guidelines. Then, the department
held meetings to explain and discuss the accreditation process
with all members of the department. These meetings also provided
a forum to seek input and assistance from all personnel in order
to complete the accreditation process successfully.
The first step in the self-assessment phase was to appoint
an accreditation manager, who was relieved of all official duties
in order to devote full time to the accreditation project. For
the entire period that it took to complete this stage of the
accreditation process, the accreditation manager served as the
focal point.
The accreditation manager's duties included preparing all
the necessary files, keeping a log of standards either being
worked on, reviewed and completed, and ensuring compliance with
all mandatory and nonmandatory CALEA standards. Other
responsibilities of the accreditation manager were to keep the
chief informed of the progress of the project and to obtain any
proof of compliance that might be needed from other city
departments, commissions, or criminal justice entities. Also,
during this phase, the accreditation manager served as liaison
with the CALEA staff member assigned to the agency.
Then, individual files were prepared for each standard
needed to achieve accreditation. Once this was done, the
accreditation manager assigned chapters of standards to
department members for review, revision, and level of compliance.
For example, the department's detectives received the chapters
concerning investigations, organized crime, juvenile operations,
intelligence, and internal affairs. In a small department, the
same two or three people basically handle these functions.
Therefore, they were tasked with completing the necessary work on
standards involving their area of expertise.
Personnel assigned to review departmental operations were
selected because of their experience in a particular area,
interest, availability, and assignment. For example, in the
Palos Heights Police Department, the shift sergeants worked on
chapters pertaining to patrol and traffic operations. The
evidence officer handled the chapters on evidence and property
management, while the accreditation manager completed the
chapters on personnel structure and processes and records and
communication. Chapter assignments on law enforcement roles,
responsibilities and relationships, as well as organization,
management, and administration, went to the patrol commander.
The accreditation manager kept track of the progress of the
review and set a time frame for completion. If problems
developed with standard compliance or with assigned tasks, the
accreditation manager held meetings twice a month to resolve
these problems. These meetings also kept the program on track
and served to hold the interest of members involved.
To assist with the self-assessment phase, the department
obtained copies of general orders and rules and regulations from
a number of accreditated agencies to use as resource information.
Personnel then reviewed current departmental rules and
regulations, general orders, and policies, as well as local and
State law, to determine agency compliance with the standards. In
many cases, the department had a rule or order on a particular
standard, but that rule or order needed to be revised or
substantially altered to bring i